Ford Motor Company

Moat components and weights: Intangible assets/brand 65/100 (weight 25%) supported by F‑Series leadership and strong commercial reputation; Switching costs 40/100 (25%) since most retail buyers can switch brands, though Ford Pro embeds telematics and upfit services that raise stickiness for fleets; Network effects 30/100 (15%) are nascent in software where more connected vehicles incrementally enhance data and services value but do not yet confer a Visa‑like advantage; Cost advantages 55/100 (20%) via scale in North American trucks/vans, dealer distribution and deep supplier relationships, but industry overcapacity and discounting constrain structural advantage; Efficient scale 60/100 (15%) in specific niches (U.S. full‑size pickups, Super Duty, commercial vans) where capacity and brand loyalty deter marginal entrants.

Weighted outcome: about 49/100. Risks to moat durability include: sustained EV price competition (domestic and Chinese), software monetization failing to scale, regulatory shifts, and quality or recall issues that can erode brand trust. Franchise strengths are real but not impregnable.