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EBAY

NASDAQ: EBAY · USD

EBAY (EBAY) Economic Moat Analysis—

Avantages concurrentiels, preuves datées et risques d’érosion.

Analyse à actualiser

Narrow avantage concurrentiel

eBay's established buyer and inventory network supports a narrow moat: substantial transaction volume, cross-border activity and growing seller advertising demand demonstrate current marketplace utility. This is an inference from operating evidence, not proof of exclusive inventory or customer lock-in. Multichannel selling and competing formats constrain durability. Pricing power is mixed: advertising monetization has improved, but adoption, attribution changes and shipping contribute to revenue growth, while lower U.K. fees provide contrary evidence.

Network effects

An established pool of buyers and listings gives sellers access to demand and buyers access to broad inventory. At year-end 2025, eBay reported 135 million active buyer accounts and 2.5 billion listings; substantial GMV, cross-border transactions and growing advertising adoption support an economically useful two-sided network. These results support a current advantage, although they do not isolate the causal contribution of network effects.

Durabilité
Multi-year marketplace activity, 2025 FX-neutral GMV growth and further growth in Q2 2026 support persistence. Category specialization and trust services reinforce the network, but their incremental competitive benefit is not quantified. The evidence supports a narrow advantage without establishing exceptional or guaranteed durability.
Concurrents
Amazon, Alibaba, Zalando, Etsy, Shopify, Google Shopping, Instagram, TikTok
Risques d’érosion
Sellers increasingly use multiple channels, buyers can obtain similar items elsewhere, and social commerce and free-to-sell formats challenge eBay. Lower fees can support participation at the expense of monetization. Chargebacks, authentication costs and dependence on external traffic and services can weaken network economics.
Ce qui invaliderait la thèse
The thesis would be invalidated by sustained declines in transacting buyers and relevant inventory accompanied by weaker completed transaction activity, or by repeated fee concessions and advertising monetization declines needed to preserve participation. Sustained focus-category underperformance would also undermine the specialization argument. GMV should be evaluated alongside returns and cancellations.
Preuves (7) · Contre-preuves (8)

Évolution depuis la dernière analyse

  • Changed the verdict from uncertain to narrow: the combined evidence of established marketplace participation, cross-border transactions, 2025 GMV growth and Q2 2026 acceleration supports a limited network advantage. This remains an editorial inference with explicit competitive constraints.
  • Added 2026 advertising adoption and attribution evidence, mixed margin outcomes, and actual compensation and governance disclosures.
  • Recognized Depop's July 30, 2026 closing rather than treating the acquisition as pending; integration benefits remain unproven.

Limites de l’analyse

  • Sources retain their supplied dateKind of filed. The latest supplied filing is dated August 6, 2026; subsequent developments are not established.
  • Most evidence is issuer disclosure. Operating results demonstrate activity and monetization, but do not directly measure network-effect strength, exclusive inventory, seller dependence or relative marketplace liquidity.
  • Named competitors are disclosed in the 2023 and 2024 annual reports. Their inclusion does not establish current market shares or complete competitive coverage.
  • Active buyers are accounts with at least one paid transaction in the preceding 12 months, not a cohort retention rate or count of unique people. GMV includes returns and cancellations.
  • Several passages and tables are truncated. The lower-fee passage establishes an offset to revenue growth but does not establish the complete pricing initiative or its magnitude.
  • No supplied passage establishes unrestricted contractual rights to reprice marketplace or advertising services. Merchandise selling prices are not eBay service prices.
  • The proxy supports assessment of existing awards and governance practices, but does not supply complete beneficial ownership figures or establish the outcome of the June 2026 advisory vote. Acquisition returns and exceptional long-term management performance remain unproven.

Indicateurs financiers à confronter à la thèse

Ratios calculés à partir des publications annuelles. Une valeur manquante reste indisponible. Les graphiques détaillés sont accessibles dans les autres onglets.

Indicateurs financiers à confronter à la thèse
PériodeGross marginOperating marginROICFCF margin
202174.6%28.1%12.9%21.2%
202272.6%24.0%—18.4%
202372.0%19.2%11.6%19.5%
202472.0%22.5%18.1%19.0%
202571.5%20.5%20.1%12.9%

Pouvoir de fixation des prix—

Données vérifiées insuffisantes pour attribuer un score.

Management—

Données vérifiées insuffisantes pour attribuer un score.

Sources et méthode

Analyse à actualiser · Mis à jour 19/10/2026 · Version 6

Interprétation IA fondée sur des extraits vérifiés. Les déclarations de l’entreprise et les limites de couverture restent explicites.

Méthode quality-scores-2 : six catégories de même poids. Le score global exige une couverture complète. Les données manquantes ne valent pas zéro. Les évaluations qualitatives sont des interprétations sourcées, pas des probabilités. 3/6 · 22/10/2026

Moat—

Awaiting a sourced assessment under the current scoring policy and financial basis.

Pouvoir de fixation des prix—

Awaiting a sourced assessment under the current scoring policy and financial basis.

Prévisibilité94

Five consecutive annual periods. Equal weights: nondeclining revenue frequency; revenue-growth volatility (5–40pp); positive FCF frequency; FCF-margin volatility (3–20pp). Stability indicator, not a growth forecast.

Nondeclining revenue years (%)
75.00
Revenue growth volatility (pp)
5.02
Positive FCF years (%)
100.00
FCF margin volatility (pp)
2.81

Solidité financière52

Equal-weight grades: debt/FCF (1–8x), net debt/earnings before interest and tax (0–5x), interest service (1–12x), current ratio (0.75–2x). Earnings use reported operating income, or reported pretax profit plus reported interest expense when operating income is unavailable. Interest service uses earnings/interest expense; if unavailable, it uses reported operating cash flow/cash interest paid, without relabeling cash paid as accrued expense. Nonpositive cash flow/earnings score 0 for their service component; reported zero interest with a positive numerator scores 100. Net cash scores 100 for net leverage. Missing disclosures remain unavailable. General nonfinancial-company rubric, not a credit rating; exceptional and nonoperating gains are not normalized out. IFRS finance-cost and cash-flow classifications retain their reported scope.

debtFcfGrade
47.08
netDebtEbitGrade
57.15
interestCoverageGrade
75.06
currentRatioGrade
27.75
Debt / FCF (x)
4.70
Net debt / operating income (x)
2.14
Interest coverage (x)
9.26
Current ratio (x)
1.10

Allocation du capital85

Three-year equal-weight indicators: pretax return on average invested capital (0–25%; equity + debt − cash, each year and its prior year), share-count growth (0–5%, lower better), share-based cost/revenue (2–20%, lower better), consolidated FCF/net income (0–1x). Return uses reported operating income or, if unavailable, EBIT calculated from reported pretax profit plus reported interest expense; exceptional/nonoperating gains are not normalized out. Share-based cost uses the reported cash-flow add-back or, if absent, separately reported recognized compensation expense; the latter never becomes an FCF adjustment. Nonpositive net income scores 0 for cash conversion; absent income/FCF stays unavailable. Nonpositive invested capital has no defined return and remains unavailable. Does not establish acquisition quality or buyback timing.

3-year pre-tax operating return (%)
19.81
3-year average dilution (%)
-6.30
3-year average SBC / revenue (%)
5.62
cashConversionGrade
79.14

Qualité du management—

Awaiting a sourced assessment under the current scoring policy and financial basis.

Preuves

At the end of 2025, eBay had 135 million active buyers and 2.5 billion live listings globally.

Business: year-end 2025 active buyers and live listings · Dépôt 19/02/2026

Gross Merchandise Volume (“GMV”) was $79.6 billion, up 7% on an as-reported basis and up 6% on an FX-Neutral basis.

2025 operating highlights: GMV and FX-neutral growth · Dépôt 30/04/2026

International GMV growth was primarily driven by cross-border trade, led by increased exports from Greater China and Japan into our major markets.

MD&A: international GMV growth and cross-border trade · Dépôt 19/02/2026

•Gross Merchandise Volume ("GMV") of $22.4 billion, up 15% on an as-reported basis and up 14% on an FX-Neutral basis

Q2 2026 results: GMV and FX-neutral growth · Dépôt 05/08/2026

The increase in first party advertising revenue was driven by increased adoption and attribution changes that enhanced our ability to convert first-party ads, which increased monetization during the period.

MD&A: advertising adoption, attribution changes and monetization · Dépôt 06/08/2026

GMV growth across Focus Categories, C2C and Recommerce, which includes pre-owned and refurbished goods, outpaced the remainder of our Marketplace, with particularly strong performance in Collectibles, Motors Parts & Accessories, Fashion and Refurbished Goods.

MD&A: focus-category, C2C and recommerce GMV performance · Dépôt 06/08/2026

In addition, eBay authenticates eligible luxury and collectible items in five categories through “Authenticity Guarantee”, an independent authentication service available in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and Canada.

Business: deployed authentication services and market coverage · Dépôt 28/02/2024

In addition, sellers are increasingly utilizing multiple sales channels, including search-related advertisements on horizontal search engine sites, such as Google, to attract new customers.

Competition risks: increasing seller use of multiple sales channels · Dépôt 27/02/2025

In certain markets, our fixed-price listing and traditional auction-style listing formats are increasingly being challenged by other formats, such as social commerce and business models, such as free-to-sell marketplaces.

Competition risks: social commerce and free-to-sell formats · Dépôt 27/02/2025

Our users can list, sell, buy and pay for similar items through a variety of competing online, mobile and offline channels.

Competition: alternative channels for similar items · Dépôt 19/02/2026

15 Table of Contents Consumers and merchants who might use our sites to sell goods also have many alternatives, including general ecommerce sites, such as Amazon, Alibaba, and Zalando, and more specialized sites, such as Etsy.

Competition: named general and specialized ecommerce alternatives · Dépôt 28/02/2024

Sellers may also choose to sell their goods through other channels, such as multi-channel services like Shopify or classifieds platforms.

Competition: Shopify and other seller channels · Dépôt 28/02/2024

These consumers can also turn to shopping-comparison sites, such as Google Shopping, or social networks that enable purchases such as Instagram and TikTok.

Competition: named shopping-comparison and social purchasing alternatives · Dépôt 27/02/2025

shipping program. The increase in net revenues was partially offset by lower fees in connection with our U.K.

MD&A: lower U.K. fees partially offset revenue growth; passage is truncated · Dépôt 19/02/2026

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience increased costs from chargebacks through our payments platforms, due to forced transaction reversals initiated by buyers through their payment card issuers.

Risk factors: experienced increases in chargeback costs · Dépôt 19/02/2026

The following table presents net revenues for the periods indicated (in millions, except percentages): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 % Change 2026 2025 % Change Marketplace revenues $ 2,538 $ 2,248 13 % $ 5,046 $ 4,391 15 % Advertising revenues 596 482 24 % 1,177 924 27 % Net revenues $ 3,134 $ 2,730 15 % $ 6,223 $ 5,315 17 % Seasonality We expect volume on our Marketplace platforms to trend with general consumer buying patterns.

MD&A: Q2 and first-half 2026 marketplace and advertising revenues · Dépôt 06/08/2026

Operating margin decreased to 20.5% compared to 22.5% in 2024 primarily due to higher non-recurring general and administrative expenses related to legal matters and restructuring and higher costs associated with our shipping programs.

2025 highlights: operating margin decline and disclosed causes · Dépôt 19/02/2026

11 eBay Inc. Reconciliation of GAAP Operating Income to Non-GAAP Operating Income Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 (In millions, except percentages) GAAP operating income $ 676 $ 479 $ 1,287 $ 1,090 Stock-based compensation expense and related employer payroll taxes 188 172 355 316 Amortization of acquired intangible assets within cost of net revenues and operating expenses 13 13 25 25 Restructuring and executive bonuses 1 55 105 55 Legal matters (10) 52 (10) 52 Transaction related costs 25 — 38 — Total non-GAAP operating income adjustments 217 292 513 448 Non-GAAP operating income $ 893 $ 771 $ 1,800 $ 1,538 GAAP operating margin 21.6 % 17.6 % 20.7 % 20.5 % Non-GAAP operating margin 28.5 % 28.3 % 28.9 % 28.9 % Presented on a continuing operations basis

Operating income reconciliation: quarterly and first-half GAAP and non-GAAP margins · Dépôt 05/08/2026

Operating margin decreased to 19.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to 23.6% during the same period in 2025.

Q1 2026 highlights: year-over-year operating margin decline · Dépôt 29/04/2026

We generated cash flow from continuing operating activities of $2.0 billion in 2025 compared to $2.4 billion in 2024.

2025 highlights: continuing operating cash flow · Dépôt 19/02/2026

We repurchased $2.5 billion of common stock and paid $531 million in cash dividends.

2025 highlights: actual share repurchases and dividends · Dépôt 19/02/2026

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 2025 2026 2025 (In millions) Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 550 $ 364 $ 1,062 $ 863 Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes 2 1 2 3 Adjustments: Transaction losses 133 86 271 167 Depreciation and amortization 101 79 194 131 Stock-based compensation 182 165 338 301 Deferred income taxes 22 (88) 43 (58) Gain on investments, warrants and other, net (8) (5) (30) (3) Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisition effects (433) (942) (361) (989) Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operating activities 549 (340) 1,519 415 Net cash used in discontinued operating activities (26) — (27) — Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 523 (340) 1,492 415

Cash flow statement: first-half 2026 cash generation, working capital and stock compensation · Dépôt 05/08/2026

Purchases of property and equipment (223) (101) (295) (212) Purchases of investments (1,045) (1,964) (1,409) (5,007) Maturities of investments 712 1,943 1,064 6,530 Sales of investments — — 684 — Shareholder distributions from equity investments — 225 194 225 Acquisitions and other (28) (3) (39) (92) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (584) 100 199 1,444 Cash flows from financing activities:

Cash flow statement: capital spending, investment proceeds and distributions · Dépôt 05/08/2026

The following table summarizes stock repurchase activity under our stock repurchase programs for the period indicated (in millions, except per share amounts): Shares Repurchased (1) Average Price per Share (2) Value of Shares Repurchased (2) Remaining Amount Authorized Balance as of January 1, 2026 $ 798 Authorization of additional repurchases in February 2026 2,000 Repurchase of shares of common stock 9 $ 94.95 $ 810 (810) Balance as of June 30, 2026 $ 1,988 (1)These repurchased shares of common stock were recognized as treasury stock and were accounted for under the cost method.

Stockholders' equity: actual first-half 2026 repurchases · Dépôt 06/08/2026

We repaid the $750 million aggregate principal amount of our previously outstanding 1.400% senior notes due 2026 on the date of maturity and issued $750 million aggregate principal amount of commercial paper notes.

Q2 highlights: senior note repayment and commercial paper issuance · Dépôt 06/08/2026

We paid $1.4 billion in cash, inclusive of preliminary purchase price adjustments, subject to finalization.

Acquisition note: actual Depop cash consideration · Dépôt 06/08/2026

Due to the proximity of the closing date of the transaction to the filing date of this Quarterly Report, the initial accounting for the transaction is incomplete and therefore we are unable to disclose certain information required by ASC 805, Business Combinations, including the provisional amounts recognized as of the acquisition date for each major class of assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill, and as such, required disclosures will be presented in future periods.

Acquisition note: incomplete initial acquisition accounting · Dépôt 06/08/2026

Of our equity grants made to executive officers in 2025, 60% of the target equity value was comprised of PBRSUs and 40% was comprised of time-based RSUs.

Executive compensation: actual 2025 performance-based and time-based equity grant mix · Dépôt 30/04/2026

Annual Cash Incentives 60% 40% Performance-Based Long-Term Equity Incentives Base Salary based Restricted Stock Units (PBRSUs) Form Key Objective % of Target Equity Value Time-based Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) Hold executives accountable for long-term Company financial performance against FX-neutral revenue, non- GAAP operating margin, and return on invested capital metrics, and three-year relative total shareholder return.

Executive compensation: financial performance and relative shareholder return metrics · Dépôt 30/04/2026

Targets In light of the dynamic macroeconomic environment, the three one-year financial performance targets are generally set in a manner consistent with the current year budget.

Executive compensation: annual financial target setting within multi-year awards · Dépôt 30/04/2026

Accordingly, the final payout percentage for this cycle of PBRSUs was 175% of the target awards.

Executive compensation: actual final performance award payout · Dépôt 30/04/2026

our executive officers and directors were in compliance with the stock ownership guidelines.

Governance policies: disclosed compliance with stock ownership guidelines · Dépôt 30/04/2026

eBay’s governance practices include the following features: Strong Board independence (11 of 12 current directors are independent) All of our directors stand for election annually Majority vote standard for uncontested director elections Director resignation policy for director nominees who do not receive a majority vote Stockholder right to request eBay to call a special meeting Simple majority vote standard for extraordinary transactions and amendments to bylaws Proxy access bylaws Strong stockholder engagement practices Separate Board Chair and CEO roles Independent Board Chair with robust responsibilities Clawback policies that meet and exceed SEC requirements Stock ownership requirements for our executive officers and directors Anti-hedging and anti-pledging policies Director Nominees Director Committees* Other Public Nominee Affiliation Age Since AC CHCC CGNC RC TC Company Boards Adriane M.

Governance highlights: independence, elections, shareholder rights and compensation safeguards · Dépôt 30/04/2026

Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Independent auditor opinion: effective internal control over financial reporting · Dépôt 19/02/2026

Additionally, during the three-year term of the DPA, the Company is subject to an independent compliance monitor to assess its compliance program and, where appropriate, to modify that program.

Contingencies: independent compliance monitor during deferred prosecution agreement · Dépôt 19/02/2026

The Company also paid a $3 million penalty.

Contingencies: actual penalty payment · Dépôt 19/02/2026

GMV consists of the total value of all paid transactions between users on our Marketplace platforms during the applicable period inclusive of shipping fees and taxes, without adjustment for returns or cancellations.

Business metrics: GMV includes shipping and taxes without return or cancellation adjustments · Dépôt 19/02/2026

The term “active buyer” means, as of any date, all buyer accounts that paid for a transaction on our Marketplace platforms within the previous 12-month period.

Business metrics: active buyer definition · Dépôt 19/02/2026

Buyers may register more than once and, as a result, may have more than one account.

Business metrics: buyer accounts need not represent unique people · Dépôt 19/02/2026

As a global commerce leader and third-party marketplace, our technologies and services are designed to provide buyers choice and a breadth of relevant inventory from around the globe, and to enable sellers’ access to eBay’s 134 million buyers worldwide.

Business: 2024 buyer reach · Dépôt 27/02/2025

As a global commerce leader and third-party marketplace, our technologies and services are designed to provide our buyers choice and a breadth of relevant inventory from around the globe and to enable our sellers to access eBay’s 136 million buyers worldwide.

Business: 2026 buyer reach and management description of marketplace utility · Dépôt 06/08/2026

All of our GMV, and substantially all of our net revenues each quarter come from transactions involving sales during that quarter.

Risk factors: dependence on transactions occurring during each quarter · Dépôt 19/02/2026

Continuing Investing Activities Cash provided by continuing investing activities of $2.2 billion in 2024 was primarily attributable to proceeds of $12.3 billion from the maturities and sales of investments, and proceeds of $2.4 billion, $1.0 billion, $573 million and $322 million from the sale of our equity investments in Adevinta, Aurelia, Adyen and Gmarket, respectively, partially offset by cash paid for investments of $13.9 billion and property and equipment of $458 million.

Liquidity: actual 2024 investment monetization and capital spending · Dépôt 27/02/2025

1. Introduction This user agreement ("User Agreement"), the Mobile devices terms, and all policies and additional terms posted on and in our sites, applications, tools and services (collectively "Services") set out the terms on which eBay offers You access to and use of our Services, including access or usage of www.ebay.in - opens in new window or tab website (the "Website").

Section 1, Introduction: agreement scope includes ebay.in · Consulté 19/10/2026

This User Agreement may not otherwise be amended except through mutual agreement by you and an eBay representative who intends to amend this User Agreement and is duly authorized to agree to such an amendment.

Section 19, General: amendment constraint · Consulté 19/10/2026

Without limiting eBay's ability to refuse, modify, or terminate all or part of our Services, eBay may also terminate this Agreement with anyone at any time for any reason, at our sole discretion, by giving notice of such termination.

Section 19, General: service modification and termination discretion · Consulté 19/10/2026

Historique des publications

Historique des publications
VersionMis à jourAvantage concurrentiel
622/10/2026narrow
519/10/2026narrow
419/10/2026narrow
318/10/2026uncertain
218/10/2026uncertain
118/10/2026Indisponible

Sources

Méthode et limites de l’analyse · Comprendre ce concept